Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is caused by a change in the vaginal flora, characterized by a shift in the dominant species from Lactobacilli spp. to other disease-causing bacteria, including 

• Megaspaera type 1, 
• BV-associated bacteria 2, 
• Mobiluncus spp, 
• Bacteroides fragilis, 
• Gardnerella vaginalis and 
• Atopobium vaginae. 

Around 30% of women worldwide suffers from BV, but only 50% shows signs of infection.

Who are more susceptible to bacterial vaginosis?

Any woman can have vaginal hyperplasia, but women with the following conditions are more likely to develop vaginal hyperplasia: women who wear a uterine ring and women who have new or multiple sexual partners.

(REF: Peebles K, Velloza J, Balkus JE, McClelland RS, Barnabas RV. High Global Burden and Costs of Bacterial Vaginosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sex Transm Dis. 2019 May;46(5):304-311.)
(REF: Koumans EH, Sternberg M, Bruce C, et al. The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in the United States, 2001-2004: associations with symptoms, sexual behaviors, and reproductive health. Sex Transm Dis 2007;34:864–9.)