How Mycoplasma genitalium Spreads: Transmission Routes & Prevention
Transmission Methods of Mycoplasma genitalium: How This STI Spreads
Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) is an emerging sexually transmitted bacterium causing growing public health concern. Understanding its transmission routes is critical for effective prevention.
Primary Transmission: Sexual Contact
MG spreads primarily through unprotected sexual contact involving infected mucosal surfaces:
- Vaginal Intercourse: The most common route, especially without condoms
- Anal Intercourse: Rectal transmission is significant in MSM (men who have sex with men)
- Oral Sex: Possible but less common transmission via oral-genital contact
- Genital-Genital Contact: Transmission can occur without penetration through skin-to-skin contact
- Shared Sex Toys: Contaminated toys without disinfection or barrier protection
Transmission Risk Factors
Research shows high infectivity:
- 30-50% transmission rate between partners when one is infected
- Up to 40% rectal infection prevalence in MSM populations
- Multiple sexual partners increases risk substantially
- Asymptomatic carriers (estimated 20-50% of cases) unknowingly spread MG
Other Rare Transmission Routes
While uncommon, these have been documented:
- Mother-to-Child: Vertical transmission during childbirth
- Autoinoculation: Transfer via contaminated fingers to genital area
Evidence-Based Prevention
Effective strategies to block transmission:
Prevention Method | Effectiveness |
---|---|
Condoms | 90%+ risk reduction when used correctly every time |
Partner Treatment | Essential to prevent reinfection cycles |
Reduced Partner Numbers | Lowers exposure probability |
Post-Treatment Abstinence | 7-14 days after antibiotics to clear infection |
Key Recommendations:
- Use condoms for all sexual acts
- Get tested if experiencing symptoms (urethritis/cervicitis) or after unprotected exposure
- Ensure all recent partners (within 2-3 months) get tested/treated concurrently
- Avoid sexual activity until treatment completion + negative test
Critical Insight: MG is often asymptomatic but can cause serious complications like pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and infertility. Regular STI screening is vital for sexually active individuals.
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